What are the risks and preventive measures of the elevator fire?

With the rapid development of the national economy, the use of the elevator has become an indispensable part of life, the elevator to bring convenience to people's lives at the same time, but also to bring people a safe trouble. As of November 20, 1996, Hongkong Jiade building elevator fire killed 39 people, injured 81 people; in February 20, 2014, Chongqing city Yuzhong District Huacheng century a lift fire caused two people were trapped, firefighters arrived to rescue rescue; in August 5, 2015, Guangzhou Yuexiu District Xinyu building a fire elevator, killing 5 people trapped, be too numerous to enumerate examples. Because once the elevator fire, limited space, making it difficult to evacuate, but also in a confined space, air convection is poor, the temperature rises fast, smoke large and easy to diffuse the entire space, easy to cause casualties. In order to prevent and reduce the fire hazard, and to take effective measures to prevent, this paper has carried on the preliminary discussion.

Fire hazard analysis of elevator.

High space closure, high smoke concentration, high temperature, spread fast.

Lift the space is narrow, less export, good sealing, poor ventilation, fire, produce a lot of smoke from the fire site combustible, at a speed of 1 meters per second to spread and quickly filled the entire space, showing no accumulation of scattered state, low visibility. The combustion heat release in the closed space quickly accumulate strong, make the temperature rise sharply, fire spread speed, it is difficult to control, easy to people or things of the elevator's caused by direct injury.

(two) the special nature of the elevator to make safety evacuation difficult.

The elevator to stay directly in the safety evacuation exit position. One is because most elevator is running, when a fire occurs, it is difficult to stay directly in the elevator the elevator floor corresponding to the outlet; the two is when a fire occurs, usually lift off, the elevator stopped, it is difficult to ensure the safety of the elevator floor outside the exit through the outlet, which have increased the risk of personnel.

The special structure of the elevator, the temperature will rise quickly, reducing visibility. The elevator is on fire, because there is no windows, no special exhaust port, the smoke would quickly filled the entire space, coupled with the rapid accumulation of combustion heat release, temperature up to 800 DEG C, the trapped people easy to produce fear, confound, causing evacuation difficulties.

The elevator, fire, easy generation of CO toxic gas. Lift the top with organic plastics as combustion ceiling, will produce a large number of CO and other toxic smoke gas, when the carbon monoxide content reached 0.5%, the fire temperature exceeding 43.3 DEG C or less than 14~18%, oxygen content in the air, can be fatal, serious impact on themselves, making the evacuation more difficult.

(three) difficulties in fighting.

First, the elevator is in a state of operation, once the fire occurs, it is difficult to find out the situation, the command difficult, difficult to quickly and effectively expand the fight.

Two is the elevator in the running state, is not easy to master the residence floor, the offensive line is difficult to clear, inward offensive fire fighters and the evacuation of personnel and supplies in conflict, is not conducive to the fire attack.

Three is the elevator shaft general drainage function is poor, so not a lot of water, and 1211 other CO, such as dry powder fire extinguishing agent, because there will be harmful gases not used, and the ideal of green fire extinguishing agent has not been widely used, has brought great difficulties to the rescue.

Four is the elevator communication safeguard measure not to be widespread and the signal is not stable, is easy to make the communication equipment in the fire fighting to be unable to play the role effectively, the command thus is blocked.

Five is the smoke chimney easily causing casualties, especially above the water vapor heat up to fire from 73 DEG C, under pressure to counterattack fire fighting personnel has increased the difficulty of extinguishing the fire.

(four) heavy casualties and property losses.

The elevator is highly concentrated in places of people, logistics and business flow, once the fire accident, the evacuation and rescue difficulty, easy Qunsiqunshang and serious consequences of heavy losses of property. As of November 20, 1996, Hongkong Jiade building elevator fire killed 39 people, injured 81 people; in 1999, the Russian Moscow State University, a 16 storey apartment elevator fire, killing 3 students died. The number of deaths, the social impact of the large, lessons of the deep, it is worth careful reflection and summary.

Two, elevator fire prevention measures.

According to the analysis of fire hazard and lift the painful lessons from the elevator fire elevator, fire prevention should be tackling the problem, should focus on the design of fire prevention and fire safety management.

(a) the source of good security clearance, do a good job of fire performance design.

1 lift wells and door set. Lift wells should be set up independently, the laying of combustible gas and liquid, is strictly prohibited in the borehole, and shall not be laid to lift cables, wires, elevator shaft lift in addition to open doorways and ventilation holes, the other should not be opened. The open elevator, the bottom line should be slightly higher than the level of horizontal elevator outside the ground, to prevent external water flow into the elevator shaft caused by fire.

2 set up the elevator room. Lift the engine room should have good ventilation, to protect the motor and cable equipment, making it possible from dust, harmful gases and moisture damage; can also install air conditioning equipment, so that the ambient temperature to maintain the best temperature, but for the installation of hot water or heating, because hot water or steam heating equipment can pose a threat to the elevator. Therefore, even lead to fire.

3 elevator car settings. One is the internal elevator installation of smoke type fire alarm, if the floor of the elevator before the indoor smoke type fire alarm action, the call button shall be invalid, all lift in the same group are returned directly to the designated floor, the elevator door opened and remain open. Two is the internal alarm device of elevator car installation passengers can easily be identified and touches, such as alarm, intercom system, external telephone or similar device. Three is the elevator car should be installed permanent electrical lighting, of course, there is an emergency power supply, in the case of normal power failure, can automatically switch on the power supply. Four is the internal elevator marked the number of rated load or passenger elevator, and have refused to transport overload warning device. The five is the ordinary elevator should be marked "no fly" fire ", at the time of the fire, the use of ordinary elevator is not safe, because there are several reasons why the elevator door can not be opened or operator error, for example, fire interlock device of elevator door is damaged, power etc.. Of course, the most ideal safety elevator, should ensure that the elevator car in the fire floor does not stop and do not open the door, and can automatically return to the designated safety floor.

4 fire elevator set should also meet the special safety requirements. One should set the front room, and room settings should be consistent with the "architectural fire standards" (GB50016-2014) of the relevant provisions; two is the carrying capacity of not less than 800kg; the three is between the fire elevator wells, and the adjacent room elevator wells, room should set the fire resistance limit of not less than 2.00h of the fire prevention wall, partition wall door should be the first class fire door.

5 lift the encryption function is currently the elevator in production of a new technology, new trends, and if a layer inside the building is heavy, Treasury stacks, confidential departments are not allowed to enter the general people, gave the floor button device password, only press the password, in order to control the elevator.

But this new technology in the fire fighting and rescue under such defects, if not the ordinary people into the heavy fire, fire elevator passwords have become offensive obstacles, so the encryption function in the elevator fire situation, and shall be subject to meet the needs of fire rescue, this point should be paid attention to.

(two) to further strengthen the safety management of the elevator, to avoid the risk of uncertain factors.

The elevator as a kind of special equipment, to ensure the normal and reliable operation of elevator, elevator to prevent the occurrence of disasters and accidents, only in accordance with the relevant security regulations, strengthen safety management, to prevent or reduce accidents, improve the level and quality of service.

1 interior decoration materials safety requirements. The interior decoration materials of the elevator shall be fully used without burning materials, and shall not use combustible or combustible materials.

2 fuel storage and use safety requirements. The elevator is prohibited in the storage and use of liquefied petroleum gas or liquid burning less than 60 DEG C. Because the liquid fire hazard of liquefied petroleum and the ignition point of less than 60 DEG C, once the leakage of air leakage, easy to accumulate in indoor low-lying areas, it is difficult to distribute discharged, will soon reach explosive concentration of deflagration.

3 the daily management of the elevator is also very important. Have elevator daily inspection and regular inspection system, and the establishment and management of elevator technology archives and original record; smoking is forbidden in the elevator machine room and down the elevator shaft internal; not in the elevator slapstick, or any press the button for the elevator; prohibited the use of flammable items such as elevator transport.

4 seriously study the business knowledge, and constantly improve their own technical level. Elevator safety management personnel should grasp the new technology, new rules, and be familiar with the implementation of national policies and regulations related to the elevator, with the actual situation, formulate corresponding management methods, and constantly improve the elevator control, check and correct use of the elevator traffic violations.