The elevator is the general term for the vertical movement of the elevator (usually referred to as the elevator), the tilt direction of the running of the escalator, inclined or horizontal direction of the automatic sidewalk. With the elevator, the skyscraper was able to rise, the modern city was able to grow taller. According to estimates, as of 2002, the world is in about 6 million 350 thousand elevators, of which about 6 million 100 thousand vertical elevators, escalator and automatic sidewalk about 250 thousand units. Elevator has become a widely used tool in modern human life. People on the elevator safety, efficiency, comfort of the continuous pursuit of promoting the progress of the elevator technology. Long ago, people used some of the original lifting tools to carry people and goods.

After 1100 BC, our ancestors invented the wheel, it uses rotating drum to finish the lifting movement, thus increasing the lift height. In 236 BC, the Greek mathematician Archimedes design and production of the lifting device consisting of winch and pulley. The driving force of the lifting tool is human or animal. At the beginning of nineteenth Century, in Europe and America began to use the steam engine as the power of the lifting tool. In 1845, William? Thomson developed 1 sets of hydraulic elevator drive, the hydraulic medium is water. Although the lifting tool is a generation of innovative engineers for continuous improvement, however, is not widely recognized by industry lifts, first lifts until the 1852 world safe birth.

ElishaGravesOtis 1852 safe world first elevators invented in 1889, began to lift is driven by electric power, a real lift. The elevator in the development of driving control technology through the control of DC motor drive control, drive AC single speed motor drive control, AC double speed motor, dc gear, gear without speed drive control, AC variable voltage variable speed drive control, VVVF drive control, AC permanent magnet synchronous motor drive control stage. By the end of nineteenth Century, the use of the Leonard Ward system driven control of the DC elevator, so that the performance of the elevator significantly improved. At the beginning of twentieth Century, began to lift driving AC induction motor, then groove wheel (i.e. traction drive) instead of the elevator lift drum drum drive, which laid the foundation for the long stroke and high security of modern elevator. In the first half of twentieth Century, DC speed control system in the middle and high speed elevator occupies a large proportion.

1967, thyristor for elevator drive, AC voltage regulating drive control of the elevator there.

1983, elevator VVVF control occurs, because of its good speed performance, comfort and energy saving quickly become a mainstream product in the elevator.

1996, machineroomless elevator traction machine without gear driven AC permanent magnet synchronous, and an innovation of elevator technology. The traction machine and control cabinet in wells, eliminating the independent room, save construction costs, increase the effective area of the building, improve the building of architectural aesthetics design freedom. This kind of elevator has the characteristics of energy saving, non oil pollution, maintenance free and high safety. The development of the elevator control mode through the handle switch, button control, signal control, set selection control process for multi elevator has parallel control, intelligent control.

Today, elevator companies around the world constantly lift the development of new products and the maintenance service system, and strive to meet the people of modern architecture the increase of traffic demand. In 1852, the United States of New York Yang Kesi (Yonkers) mechanical engineer Mr. Otis (ElishaGravesOtis, 1811 ~ 1861) invented the world's first elevator. It is powered by a steam engine and a lift with a safety device. He will be with a serrated iron bar is fixed on the guide rail, a spring piece is arranged on the upper part of the car, and connect the device with mechanical linkage and brake pawl. The traction rope is fixed on the spring, spring traction rope broken off when forced to restore the original shape, mechanical linkage device, iron bars down and stop the elevator brake claw into the jagged. Industrial users (cargo) is the first user of the safety elevator

In 1900, the escalator on display at the Paris International Exposition on the great success. Another escalator in the exhibition is also noticeable, which is designed by JesseWilfredReno. The next 10 years, Otis - Seeburg and Reno are the only competitors in the world field of escalator. In 1910, according to the cooperation agreement seeburger all his patent was sold to Otis company.

1911, Otis company acquired Reno company. In 1900, the seeburger Latin "Scala (stairs)" and "elevator (lift) the word" letters combine to create a "escalator (now known as the escalator)" is a word registered as a trademark products, 1910 seeburger sold it to Otis. Until 1950, Otis company has the trademark. In 1950, according to the trademark law, "escalator" has lost the exclusive right of its name, becoming known as the escalator.

1902, Schindler elevator company has developed the automatic control of the passenger elevator button.

Otis company in New York in 1903, the installation of first sets of DC gearless elevator.

1915, Otis designed an automatic leveling device for elevator for the first time fretting, U.S. Navy fleet.



On 1920, Otis Reno inclined slab type escalators and stairs type escalator seeburger both advantages together to design, make the escalator performance greatly.

1922, Otis made the world's first modern escalators, combined with horizontal wedge cascade and comb plate, and is used by other escalator manufacturers.

1924, Otis company in New York new Standard Oil Corporation building the elevator installation and first sets of signal control, which is a higher degree of automation of the elevator driver.

1926, Schindler company started production by Ward Leonard (generator motor set) direct drive type elevator traction system.

1931, Otis installed the first double deck elevator in New York. The double deck elevator increases the rated load, saves the space of the well, and improves the transportation capacity.

1968, Otis company of the United States of Chicago Time-Life building installed 1 double deck elevator system. On 1946, Otis Elevator Design, in 1949 the first batch of elevator installation in New York, the headquarters of the United nations. On 1967, Otis installed 208 sets of elevator and escalator 49 for the New York World Trade Center building. New York World Trade Center North and south two towers are 110 layers, each layer has 4047 square meters of office space, North building, high 417m, high 415m nanlou. The building in September 11, 2001 because of the terrorist attack and collapsed.

On 1974, Otis installed automatic sidewalk 200m long at Holland Amsterdam International Airport, 1 automatic sidewalks in Europe at the time when the longest.

1975 Toronto Canada CN tower building, it is the world's tallest freestanding buildings. The 550m, equipped with 4 sets of Otis special glass wall sightseeing elevator.

July 1976, Japan Fujitec company developed speed of 10.00m/s DC gearless elevator.

1977, Japan's MITSUBISHI motor company developed silicon controlled Leonard controlled the gearless elevator.

1979, Otis company developed first microprocessor elevator control system based on Elevonic101, so that the elevator electrical control has entered a new period of development.

 

1980, Otis company released a computer program called OtisPlan, to help architects for the new or renovation of buildings to determine the best lift form, speed and quantity allocation scheme.

1983, Otis company developed the OTISLINE, it is a computer every day 24h called repair service system based on. 1983, MITSUBISHI motor company developed the world's first sets of variable frequency drive of the elevator. 1990, MITSUBISHI electric company for the first time the inverter drive system for hydraulic elevator.

1985, MITSUBISHI motor company developed a spiral escalator operation curve, and successfully put into production. The spiral escalator can save the building space and has the decorative art effect. MITSUBISHI Motor Company spiral escalator Fushida company in February 1988, application of fuzzy elevator group control management system "theory and artificial intelligence technology development FLEX8800" series of commercial.

1988, Otis company released the REM, it is a remote monitoring computer diagnosis system of elevator performance.